Igipande c'amazi y'ivyuma

Ivyo Umuguzi Akwiye Kurondera

Igitigiri c’ivyuma kigena ubuzima bwo kwambara. 92% alumina ikora ku makara n’amabuye y’agaciro. 95% alumina ibereye ivyuma n’amabuye y’agaciro. ZTA (zirconia‐toughened) yongerako 20‐30% ya zirconia, igatuma ubukomezi bw’uguca ibice butera imbere n’ibice 50% ku bikoresho vy’ibifungurwa bifise ingaruka nyinshi. Ivyerekeye ubuhinga bwo gupima amabuye: amabuye afatanye nk’ay’ibara ry’agahama arafatanya, akaguma mu kibanza cawo naho epoxy yoba ishaje. Amabuye y’agaciro y’inzira imwe yizigira gusa ivyuma bifatanya kandi arashobora kurekura iyo anyiganyiga. Amahitamwo yo gushiramwo ni nk’ugufatanya epoxy (amasaha 24 yo gukira), amabuye ashobora gusudirwa (nta gihe co gukira), n’ibitanda vy’imipira kugira ngo bishobore gufata ingaruka.

Uko Zikozwe .

Ifu y’alumina y’ubusuku bwinshi irasegwa, ikayumishwa, hanyuma igakorwa n’ugukanda kw’isostatic kugira ngo ibe n’uburemere bumwe. Ukwuma buhoro buhoro birabuza imivyimba mikeyi. Gutera ivyatsi ku 1500‐1550℃bifatanya intete z’alumina mu gice gikomeye kandi kitagira utunogo. Uburemere bw’amazi bushika kuri 3,63‐3,85 g/cm3, amazi anywa munsi ya 0,01%. Low porosity bisigura ko ata mazi yinjira muri - ata vyonona vy’ugukonja‐gukonja, ata gitero c’imiti kiva ku bihimba vy’umubiri bifise aside. Gucungera uburyo birimwo gusuzuma XRF, gupima uburemere, no gusuzuma ingero. Ama tiles atari mu vyo akora aranka.

Igituma abakiriya bungukira

Kubera ko alumina y’agaciro ifise ubukomezi bwa Mohs 9 (icuma ni 5‐6), ivyuma vy’ivyuma bishobora kunanira gukororwa n’ibice vy’amabuye y’agaciro n’ivy’amabuye y’agaciro. Mu ruganda rw’umuringa rwo muri Arizona, ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vyasaba ko bihindurwa inyuma y’indwi zitandatu; ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyamaze indwi 104 - 1600% vy’iterambere. Kubera ko amabuye y’agaciro yitwa trapézoïde afatanya, arabuza amabuye arekuye yoshobora gutuma abamenagura bafata. Kubera ko ZTA ifise 50% vy’ubukomezi bwo guca ibice, irarokoka mu bice vy’impanuka aho alumina isanzwe imeneka mu ndwi nkeyi. Mu mfuruka y’inzahabu‐umuringa, 92% vy’alumina vyamara indwi 26; ZTA yashitse ku ndwi 100. Kubera ko amazi ashobora gufata amazi ari hafi y’aho ataco akora, amakara afise aside ntashobora gutuma iyo tile igoyagoya, kandi ibihe vy’ubukonje ntibishobora kuyisaduka.

Ingero z'ugushira mu ngiro

Uruganda rwa litiyumu rwo muri Brezile: amabarabara y’imipira y’imipira yarananirwa inyuma y’amezi 2‐3. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma ubu bimara amezi 12‐18 - ni ukuvuga ko vyiyongereye incuro zine gushika ku zitandatu. Insyo y’ivyuma i Jiangsu: igiciro co gusubirira ivyuma vy’ivyuma ku mwaka cari kirenze miliyoni 1 y’ama RMB; amabarabara y’ivyuma (ceramic liners) yagabanya igiciro co gusanasana n’ibice 60 kw’ijana kandi igabanura igihe co guhagarara kuva ku masaha 72 gushika ku masaha 8. Uruganda rwa simenti muri Brezile: umugende w’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro urasubirwamwo buri mezi 8; liner y’ivyuma iracariho inyuma y’amezi 28.

Gusaba

Tecera itanga 92%, 95%, na ZTA chute liners mu burebure kuva kuri 6 gushika kuri 50 mm, n’imiterere y’abantu iboneka. Ivyitegererezo vy’ubuntu vyo gupima bishobora gusenyura. Igihe co gukora ni amayinga 2‐3, amayinga 4‐6 ni umugenzo. Niwishure mu misi ibiri y’akazi.

Imisoro ishushe: umugende w'amabuye y'agaciro, Ubushinwa abahinguzi b'amabuye y'agaciro, abagurisha, uruganda