Ivyuma vy’ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ugushaza, n’ivyiza vyavyo vyo gukomera cane, guhangana n’ugushaza no guhangana n’ugusenyuka, birafise ibikorwa bikomeye kandi bimenyerewe mu bikorwa bitandukanye vy’inganda nk’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, amashanyarazi, ubucuzi bw’ivyuma n’ubuhinga bw’imiti. Ntibitorera umuti gusa ububabare bwo kwambara ibikoresho vyoroshe, ariko kandi biragabanya cane amahera amashirahamwe akoresha mu gukoresha no kubibungabunga. Ibi bikurikira ni ibibazo vyihariye hakurikijwe inganda:
1. Inganda z'ubucukuzi
Gusanura imigende yo gutwara amabuye y'agaciro: Amabuye y’agaciro atwara amabuye y’agaciro y’iminogo nini yuguruye-yari akozwe mu bikoresho vy’ivyuma. Kubera ko amabuye y’agaciro yari afise imirongo ityaye be n’ingaruka zikomeye, vyari bikenewe gusubirwamwo buri mezi 3. Amaze gusubira kwubaka izo nzira z’amazi n’amabuye manini manini manini manini akozwe mu alumina y’ubusuku bwinshi, ubukomezi bwazo bwari bwarananiye neza ingaruka n’ugusaza kw’amabuye y’agaciro, bituma ubuzima bwazo bumara umwaka urenga 1. Incuro ibikoresho vyari bikoreshwa mu gusanasana vyaragabanutse cane, kandi n’ugukomeza gucukura amabuye y’agaciro vyarashizweho.
Ugukingira ibikoresho vyo gutwara imisigazwa: Ivyuma vy’amamine birimwo ibintu bikomeye cane- kandi birashobora gusenyuka. Amapompo n’imiyoboro y’ivyuma vya kera birashobora kwononekara cane, kandi hariho ingorane y’uko ibikoresho bishobora gusohoka bigatuma ibidukikije bihumanya. Icumbi rimwe ryarahisemwo ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vyitwa silicon carbure kugira ngo bikore amapompa y’amazi n’imiyoboro y’amazi. Kubera ko iyo silikoni carbure ishobora guhangana n’ugushaza cane be n’ugukomera kw’imiti, vyatumye ivyo bikoresho bitashobora gusa guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri, ariko kandi bikaba bishobora no guhangana n’ugusenyuka. Igihe co gusubirira imiyoboro n’imibiri y’amapompa caraguwe kuva ku mezi 6 gushika ku myaka irenga 3, kandi n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara na bwo bwarateye imbere cane.
2. Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi
Ugukingira uburyo bwo gutwara amakara mu bigo vy'amashanyarazi: Amatiyo atwara amakara n’imigende y’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi y’ubushuhe vyarasukuwe n’amabuye y’amakara igihe kirekire, kenshi bikaba vyari bifise ingorane zo gushaza no gusohoka, kandi bikaba bisaba ko bipfungwa incuro 2-3 mu kwezi. Mu nyuma, bamaze gushiramwo ibipfukisho vy’ivyuma vy’alumina ku mpome z’imbere z’ivyo bihimba, igitigiri c’ibintu vyasambuka mu gihe co gutwara amakara caragabanutse cane, ingorane zo gusohoka kw’ibikoresho n’uguzibira zarakurwaho, kandi incuro zo gusanasana ibikoresho zaragabanutse zishika rimwe mu kwezi kwa kane. Igiciro co gukoresha no gucungera uruganda rw’amashanyarazi caragabanutse n’ibice 40 kw’ijana, kandi n’ugukora neza kw’uburyo bwo gutwara amakara kwari gukomeye muri ico gihe nyene.
Ubushuhe burengeye-Uguhangana n'ukwambara Gusanura imiyoboro y'amazi: Ivu ry’ibiguruka ry’ubushuhe bwinshi-ri mu migende y’amazi y’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi rifise urugero runini rwo gutemba, bikaba bituma inkuta z’imbere z’iyo migende zishaza cane, kandi ubushuhe bwinshi-butera ibidukikije vy’ivyuma birushiriza gusaza. Amaze gusubira kwubaka inkuta z’imbere z’ibinogo vy’umuriro hakoreshejwe ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’i alumina, ivyo bikoresho vy’ivyuma biguma bikora neza mu bidukikije bifise ubushuhe bwinshi, ivyo bikaba bidashobora gusa kunanira gukubitwa n’ivu ry’ibiguruka ariko kandi bikagabanya ubushuhe butakaza, bikaba bituma ivyuma bikoreshwa biva ku myaka 2 bikaja ku myaka irenga 5.
3. Inganda zikora ivyuma
Gukoresha imizingo y'ibikorwa vy'ivyuma mu bikoresho vy'imizingo vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-: Mu gihe co gusudira no gutera imiyoboro y’aluminium (800-1000℃, 500MPa), imizinga y’icuma ca tungsten ya kera irashobora guhinduka nk’ipulasitike iyo ubushuhe bwinshi ishobora guhinduka, ikaba ihinduka 0.3mm inyuma y’ugukora ubudasiba, bikaba bisaba gusubirwamwo kenshi no guhindurwa. Inyuma yo guhindukira bakaja ku bikoresho vy’ibikorwa vy’ivyuma vy’i silicon nitride, ukunyuranya kw’umurongo kwari kukiri munsi ya 5μm inyuma y’amasaha 1200 y’ugukora ubudasiba. Igihe bazunguruka amasahani y’ivyuma vy’agaciro kanini cane (uburebure bwa 0,1 mm), ivyo bipande vy’ivyuma vyagenzura ukwihanganira uburebure bw’amasahani hagati ya ±0,5 μm, bikaba vyafasha ata guca ku ruhande kwongerera umusaruro w’amabara y’imoteri y’indege kugera kuri 99,9%.
Uburinzi bw'ibipfukisho vy'ifuru y'umuriro: Ivyuma bipfutse ifuru y’uruganda rw’ivyuma n’ivyuma birasenyuka bigasenyuka n’ivyuma n’ivyuma vy’ubushuhe bwinshi-bimara igihe kirekire. Ibikoresho vya kera bishobora guhangana n’umuriro bisaba gutunganywa cane rimwe mu mwaka, ivyo bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku bijanye n’iterambere ry’uguhingura. Inyuma yo gukoresha ivyuma vy’alumina nk’ibikoresho vyo gupfuka ifuru y’umuriro, uburebure bwayo bwo gushonga cane n’ubushuhe bwayo burengeye -bushobora guhangana n’igihe kirekire-ubushuhe bwinshi-bushobora gutekwa, kandi muri ico gihe nyene burashobora guhangana n’ugusukura ibikoresho biri mw’ifuru. Ntiyatumye gusa ubuzima bw’igipfukisho c’ifuru bumara imyaka irenga 3, ariko kandi yaragabanyije ubushuhe butakazwa, yongera aratuma ifuru y’umuriro ikoresha neza inguvu.
4. Inganda zikora imiti
Kuvugurura imiyoboro itwara aside y'amazi: Amatiyo y’amazi atwara aside y’amazi y’ikigo c’ubuhinga bwa shimi, mu ntango yari akozwe mu vyuma bishobora gusenyuka-. Kubera ukuboze gukomeye kw’aside y’amazi n’ingaruka z’ugusukura mu gihe c’ugutemba, iyo miyoboro yari ikeneye gusubirwamwo buri mezi 6, kandi hariho ingorane yo gusohoka. Inyuma yo gusubirizwa n’imiyoboro y’ivyuma vy’i silicon carbide, ivyo bikoresho vy’ivyuma birafise ubushobozi bukomeye cane bwo gukomera, bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’igihe kirekire- kw’aside y’amazi kandi bikaba bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho. Igihe co gusubirira imiyoboro cararongerejwe kigera ku myaka irenga 3, bigabanya cane ingorane zo guhagarara kw’ibikorwa bitewe n’uko imiyoboro yononekaye.
Uburinzi bw'ibice bitera umuvurungano mu bikoresho: Mu bikoresho vy’aside-base vy’ikigo c’ubuhinga bwa shimi, ibihimba bivyura bitegerezwa kwihanganira ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho bikomeye bishobora gutera uburozi be n’imibabaro y’ubuhinga mu gihe c’ugusenyuka, kandi ibihimba vy’ivyuma vya kera birashobora gusenyuka no kwonona. Inyuma yo guhindura ibihimba vy’ugutera ivyatsi bikaba ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’i zirconia, ubukomezi bwinshi bwo guca ibice be n’ugushikama kw’imiti y’i zirconia biratuma zishobora kwihanganira neza imibabaro y’ubuhinga mu bidukikije bikomeye bishobora gusenyuka. Igihe co gusubirira ivyo bihimba cararongerewe kuva ku mezi 3 gushika ku myaka 2, kandi n’uguhumana kw’ibintu bitewe n’ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma na kwo nyene kwarindwa.
5. Inganda zikora amasementi n’ibikoresho vyo kwubaka
Gusanura ubudahangarwa bw'ukwambara kw'isimenti ihagaze: Ibice nk’ibinogo vy’ibifungurwa vy’insyo zihagaze z’ifu y’ibitoke be n’ibipande vy’uburongozi vy’ibikoresho vyo gushikiriza ibice mu ruganda rwa simenti vyaguma bisukurwa n’ibikoresho nk’ibice vy’amabuye y’agaciro, kandi ibihimba vy’ivyuma vy’intango vyarashaje cane inyuma y’amezi 4-6 bikoreshwa. Inyuma yo gushirako ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’alumina kuri ivyo bihimba, ubushobozi bw’ivyo bihimba bwo guhangana n’ugusambuka bwarateye imbere cane, kandi ubuzima bw’ivyo bihimba bwaragutse bushika ku myaka irenga 2; muri ico gihe nyene, bamaze gushiramwo ivyuma vy’ivyuma ku bipfukisho vy’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bizunguruka, ugushikama kw’imikorere y’ivyuma vyarateye imbere cane, kandi n’amahera yo kubibungabunga yaragabanutse n’ibice 50 kw’ijana.
Uburinzi bw'imiyoboro itwara amazi: Igikoresho ca simenti gifise ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubukomezi bwinshi, ni co gituma imiyoboro itwara amazi n’ibikokora bishaza ningoga cane. Inyuma yo gusubirira imiyoboro y’ivyuma ya kera n’imiyoboro y’ivyuma vy’alumina, iyo miyoboro irashobora kwihanganira gusukurwa n’ivyuma vy’ubushuhe bwinshi-, kandi igihe co gusubirira ca mbere c’umwaka umwe cararongerejwe kija ku myaka 4. Ikindi kandi, ingorane zo gusohoka kw’amabuye y’agaciro yitwa clinker zaragabanutse, ivyo bikaba vyatumye igikorwa co gukora simenti gikomeza gukora.
